An Autoclave is a specialized, high-pressure steam sterilization device used to sterilize laboratory instruments, surgical tools, medical waste, culture media, and other items that can withstand high temperatures and pressure. Autoclaves operate on the principle of moist heat sterilization, using saturated steam under pressure to destroy all forms of microbial life, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and bacterial spores, which are among the most heat-resistant organisms.

The autoclave is a critical instrument in medical, microbiological, pharmaceutical, veterinary, research, and food-processing environments. It ensures that all reusable instruments and materials are rendered completely sterile, preventing contamination and ensuring safety in clinical and laboratory settings.

The process is far more efficient and faster than dry heat sterilization (e.g., hot air ovens) due to steam’s better heat penetration and thermal conductivity. The most common sterilization standard is 121°C at 15 psi (pounds per square inch) pressure for 15–30 minutes, though higher temperature settings like 134°C at 30 psi are also used for flash sterilization.